DANB General Chairside Practice Test

What term refers to an allergic response that could potentially threaten a patient's life?

1. Anaphylaxis

2. Hypersensitivity

3. Asthma

4. Allergic rhinitis

The correct answer is: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is identified as a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and hives. The onset can happen within minutes, making it crucial for medical responders to recognize and treat it immediately, often with an epinephrine injection. While hypersensitivity is a more general term that describes an exaggerated immune response to an allergen, it does not specify the severity or immediate danger that can come with anaphylactic reactions. Other conditions, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, are also allergic responses but tend to be less acute and not necessarily life-threatening, with asthma primarily affecting the airways and allergic rhinitis affecting the nasal passages. Understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial for recognizing when a situation may escalate to anaphylaxis, facilitating timely and appropriate interventions.